http://weblogs.asp.net/imranbaloch/archive/2011/05/10/asynccontroller-v-s-sessionless-controller.aspx
AsyncController is introduced in ASP.NET MVC 2 while
SessionLess controller is introduced in ASP.NET MVC 3. AsyncController
allows you to perform long running I/O operation(s) without making your
thread idle(i.e., waiting for I/O operations to complete). On the other
hand, SessionLess controller allows you to execute multiple requests
simultaneously for single user, which otherwise execute multiple
requests sequentially due to session synchronization. Understanding
these concepts may be easy for you but I have seen a lot of guys become
confused on these concepts. In this article, I will show you how to use
AsyncController and SessionLess controller in ASP.NET MVC application. I
will also compare them and tell you what to use when, where, and the
why.